Review Article
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Article title
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Abstract
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Key words
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List of abbreviations
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1. Background
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2. GVHD classification
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3. GVHD pathophysiology
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3.1 Acute skin GVHD pathophysiology
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3.1.1 Conditioning-induced tissue damage
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3.1.2 Donor T-cell activation
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3.1.3 Effector phase (tissue injury)
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3.2 Chronic skin GVHD pathophysiology
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3.2.1 Loss of thymic and peripheral tolerance
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3.2.2 B cell-dysregulation and autoantibody production
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3.2.3 T-cell-dysregulation
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3.2.4 Fibrosis and aberrant tissue repair
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3.2.5 Innate immune cell and stromal contributions
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4. Acute GVHD
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4.1 Clinical manifestations of aGVHD
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4.2 Cutaneous findings and outcomes in aGVHD
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4.3 Mucosal lesions in aGVHD
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4.4 Diagnosis of aGVHD of the skin
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4.4.1 Histologic findings in aGVHD
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4.4.2 Differential diagnosis of aGVHD
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5. Chronic GVHD
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5.1 Clinical manifestations of cGVHD
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5.1.1 Cutaneous findings of cGVHD
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5.1.2 Oral lesions in cGVHD
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5.1.3 Genital lesions in cGVHD
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5.1.4 Hair and nail disorders in cGVHD
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5.2 Diagnosis of mucocutaneous cGVHD
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5.2.1 Histologic findings in cGVHD
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5.2.2 Differential diagnosis of cGVHD
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6. Interdisciplinary management of acute and chronic cutaneous GVHD
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6.1 Prophylaxis and prevention
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6.2 Treatment of acute skin GVHD
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6.3 Treatment of chronic skin GVHD
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7. Summary and conclusion
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Acknowledgements
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References
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Additional information
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Conflict of interest
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Ethical statement
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) use
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Funding
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Author contributions
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Author ORCIDs
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Data availability
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